Fabric appearance inspection process

 1. Check the horses

 Classified according to different cylinder numbers and shades first.

 Check the unevenness of the edge of the sliver and the defects of the sliver.

 2. Check the shade and feel. Printed, yarn-dyed, and jacquard fabrics must also be checked for pattern, circulation and overall style.

 3. Check the number of horses and total quantity against the code list.

 4. Select fabrics for inspection, and randomly select the fabrics to be inspected according to the condition of the strips.

 5. Sampling and retention.

 Fabric defect introduction

 The production of fabrics needs to go through many processes, any improper operation of the process will appear on the fabrics in the form of defects, and the same is true for the poor quality of raw materials.

 If you can understand the names of various defects and their appearance, it will bring great convenience to the work, can simplify the language of inspection or reporting, and facilitate communication with all parties. The main defects are briefly described as follows.

1. Fabric defects formed by yarn defects. Fabric defects formed by poor quality of raw materials.

Thick yarn: A certain section of a certain yarn appears on the surface of the fabric is thicker, and its diameter is several times that of the normal yarn. Continuous thick yarn is called slub yarn.

Partially fine yarn: There are one or several yarns on the fabric whose fineness is obviously thinner than other normal yarns.

Twisted yarn: The yarn on the fabric has the appearance of kinks or curls.

Wool: In some parts of the fabric, the fibers protrude from the ends or have a hairy appearance.

Bright silk: The luster of a certain yarn on the fabric is obviously brighter than the normal luster of other yarns.

Knot: The surface of the fabric shows obvious yarn knots.

Stained yarn: The yarn on the fabric has oil stains and other stains.

Weaving of sundries: there are sundries such as silk yarn and heterochromatic fibers weaving into the fabric.

Unevenness: Due to the use of uneven yarns, the cloth surface presents the appearance of dispersive yarn unevenness.

2. Warp Defects Defects formed by processing warp yarns or warp defects produced in weaving.

Straight streaks: There are one or several yarns in the warp direction of the fabric that are different from the adjacent normal yarns, and the fabric has an obvious straight appearance.

Coarse warp: A certain warp on the fabric is thicker than other warps.

Loose warp: A certain warp yarn on the cloth has a loose or wrinkled appearance.

Tight warp: The twist of a certain warp yarn is too large, which makes the warp yarn buckling abnormally.

Hanging warp: The tension of one or several warp yarns on the fabric is too large, causing these warp yarns to be tensioned abnormally.

Lack of warp: due to the broken warp during weaving and not processed in time, the cloth surface is through or missing a warp in a certain length

Broken defect: The broken end of the warp yarn ends in the cloth.

Warp shrinkage: Due to uneven warp tension, the cloth surface shows block or strip undulation or wrinkle appearance.

Double warp: Two warp yarns are juxtaposed or overlapped, and the structure of the fabric is destroyed.

Button marks: In the width direction of the fabric, there are some or all warp lines that are unevenly arranged.

Buckle: There is a gap between two adjacent warps of the fabric.

Wrong threading: The weave of the fabric is wrong due to the wrong threading.

Wrong warp: Weaving errors or other errors make part of the warp of the fabric obviously different from other adjacent warps.

Needle path: Due to the poor cloth bristle roller, the fabric has dense needle marks in the warp direction.

Cloth roll wrinkles: warp wrinkles formed due to poor fabric rolls.

3. Weft defect The weft defect formed by the weft yarn or in the weaving process.

Weft: The crossbar in the weft direction of the fabric is obviously different from the appearance of the normal fabric.

Thin and dense road: a kind of rung. The density of a certain section is too high, or the density of a certain section is too small.

Coarse weft: A certain weft on the fabric is obviously thicker than other normal wefts.

Loose weft: The tension of a certain weft yarn is lower than that of adjacent weft yarns, and it has a loose or wrinkled appearance.

Tight weft: The tension of a weft yarn is higher than that of the adjacent weft yarn, so that it is abnormally tightened and the buckling is small.

Broken weft: Weft yarn is broken or broken. Broken spandex.

Weft shrinkage: the weft yarn is twisted or looped on the cloth surface.

Double weft: Two weft yarns are juxtaposed or overlapped, which changes the appearance of the fabric.

Lack of weft: As the weft is not dealt with in time, the full width of the weft is missing a weft yarn.

Bright weft: The luster of a certain weft yarn is obviously brighter than other normal weft yarns.

Wrong weft: One or part of the weft yarn is obviously different from the adjacent weft yarn, which may be an organization error or other errors.

Demolition marks: the original weft yarns on the fabric are removed during weaving and reweaving.

Cloud weaving: Short fragments of weft yarns are scattered and uneven on the fabric, which looks like a cloud.

Hundred feet: Zigzag or linear lines are produced on the cloth surface due to the disorder of the fabric.

4. Edge defects. Defects on the edge of the fabric or within a certain distance from the edge of the fabric.

Loose edge: The edge of the fabric is looser than the fabric body in the length direction, and the edge is wavy.

Tight side: The cloth side is tighter than the cloth body in the length direction, and the cloth side is concave.

Broken edge: Two or more adjacent warp yarns on the edge of the cloth are broken.

Rotten edge: multiple weft yarns on the edge of the cloth are broken, and the edge of the cloth is uneven.

Ruffle: The edge of the cloth is wavy.

Hemming: The edge of the fabric is rolled up into a rope shape.

Temple defect: the side yarn is scratched, fluffed or broken, there are small holes, and the fabric is deformed.

Terry edge: The weft of the fabric is looped and outside the edge of the fabric.

5. Repair the defects The traces left by the defects on the fabric after being repaired.

Poor refurbishment: improper operation during refurbishment, local fluffing, wrinkling or other bad appearance of the fabric.

Darning marks: Defects leave obvious marks after being darned.

Wash marks: Wash the marks left by spots on the fabric.

6. Dyeing defects

Bleeding: The dye bleeds into the surrounding part during dyeing.

Wrinkle color strips: The fabric has folds during dyeing and finishing, resulting in uneven warp strips at the folds.

Dye traces: due to the effect of overly concentrated dyes or auxiliaries, the partial color of piece-dyed fabrics shows traces of scattered color patches that are different from the adjacent parts.

Blurring: Some parts of the dyed fabric show a lighter color.

Water stains: The fabric has watermark marks.

Spots: There are differences in the color absorption between the fibers, which makes the dyed fabrics have color spots.

Warp streak: The warp of dyed fabric shows irregular strips with slight color difference.

Pinch: Due to the difference in fiber absorption color, the color difference is formed on the fabric.

Color difference between front and rear: the color of the front and back ends of a piece of fabric are different.

Selvage color difference: There is a difference in the color of the cloth body and the selvage.

Color difference between left, center and right: the color of one side and the other side along the width of the fabric is different.

Warp streaks: Because one or more fibers or yarns of other properties are woven, the color absorption is different, and single or multiple warp yarns of different colors and wrong colors appear on the surface of the dyed fabric.

Rain-like streaks: Because of the unevenness of the warp yarns, after dyeing, the warp will show rain-like streaks.

7. Printing defects

Desizing: Some patterns on the printed fabric lack color.

Drag paste: The color paste sticks to the outside of the pattern of the printed fabric.

Scraper streak: There is excess color paste on the surface of the printed fabric or warp streaks are formed.

Color profile: There are different shades of color profile on the fabric.

Inaccurate flower registration: The relative positions of the patterns on the printed fabric are not accurate to each other.

Bleeding: The front and back color pastes are inaccurately connected, or two adjacent colors bleed at the boundary, causing some patterns of the printed fabric to be blurred, or showing a third color.

Uncolored wrinkles: The printed fabric presents long and narrow strips that are not colored.

Interlining print: There are imprints of color depth.

8. Sort out defects

Blanket marks: The textures or other indentations of the felt tissue appear on the fabric.

Loss of gloss: The fabric has lost its due luster.

Scratch marks: In the dyeing and finishing process, the marks left by the fabric being squeezed and scratched.

Fuzzing: In the finishing process, the fabric is rubbed and the surface fuzzes.

Indentation: Due to uneven pressure in the finishing process, a certain part of the fabric is brighter or thinner than other normal parts.

Rope scratches: Due to improper handling of the rope, there are longitudinal long traces on the fabric.

Streaks: The fabric presents warp streaks at regular intervals.

Pinhole: There are pinholes near the edge of the cloth.

Deep needle marks: The position of the needle marks enters the cloth body, reducing the effective width.

Iron marks on cloth: There are scratches, shiny, and heterochromatic marks near the edge of the cloth.

Chicken paw print: There are chicken paw-like wrinkles on the surface of the fabric to varying degrees.

Weft skew: The weft yarn is inclined or bent.

9. General defects The defects that may appear in various processed fabrics.

Jumping yarn or jumping flower: The warp and weft yarns are not interwoven according to the organization law, showing irregular floating yarns. 1 to 2 warp (weft) yarns skip 5 or more weft (warp) yarns, called jump yarns. Three warps and wefts each form a floating yarn, which is called a jump flower.

Cobweb: 3 or more warp and weft yarns are interwoven into blocks according to the organization law.

Star jump: 1 warp (weft) yarn does not follow the rules of the organization, skips 2 to 4 weft (warp) yarns, and weaves them into star points.

Weft shift: the weft yarn presents an irregular offset.

Snagging: Yarns or fibers are hooked out by foreign objects and are looped or exposed on the surface of the fabric.

Rolling shuttle mark: the mark produced by the destruction of the fabric structure when the shuttle is rolled between the button and the weave.

Pilling: The fiber ends protruding from the surface of the fabric and entangled into a ball.

Weaving of foreign fibers: Fibers of different properties are mixed in during spinning or weaving, and they will appear different colors on the fabric after dyeing.

Hole: A hole formed by the breaking of warp and weft yarns.

Stain: The fabric is stained with oily soil, etc.

Uneven pile: Some parts of the pile fabric are excessively piled, or some parts are not piled enough, resulting in uneven piles.

Inverted pile: the partial pile of pile fabric is inverted.

Uneven pile: There are long piles prominent on the pile surface of the pile fabric with inconsistent length.

Hair knife: When cutting pile, the blade is not sharp, and some piles on the pile surface are obliquely loose.

Wrinkle: Because the fabric is wrinkled in the weft direction, it is not pulled when the pile is pulled, forming a crosspiece without pile.

Local weft density unevenness: The weft density of certain parts of the fabric is large or small, resulting in irregular rungs.

Skirt wrinkles: There are creases in the weft direction of the fabric. 

Dead crease: a finishing crease that cannot be removed.

The above-mentioned problems are all intuitively visible on the cloth surface. As long as they are carefully checked and treated with human and material resources, they can basically be found. But I personally think that we must grasp the principle of "flaws do not cover up" in dealing with fabric defects, and we cannot treat defects one-sidedly and irrationally. This is the correct "problem view" of textile people.